A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that disrupt the body’s ability to use insulin effectively. Although usually temporary, women who experience gestational diabetes are at risk to develop Type 2 diabetes later in life.
Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes (Diabetes During Pregnancy)
Common signs of gestational diabetes include:
- Excessive thirst and increased hunger
- Frequent urination
- Blurred vision
- Fatigue and unusual weight gain
- Yeast infections
- Slow healing of cuts and bruises
- Nausea and vomiting
- Difficulty concentrating
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes
- Advanced maternal age
- Family history of diabetes
- Excess weight
- Previous experience with gestational diabetes
- History of delivering a large baby
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- High blood pressure
- Low physical activity levels
Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy,by using a Glucose Challenge Test. If the results indicate higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Gestational Diabetes
The primary aim of the treatment is to maintain blood glucose levels for both mother and baby. This can be achieved through lifestyle changes, increased physical activity, and regular blood sugar monitoring. Women with gestational diabetes are also closely monitored for fetal growth, birth defects, and signs of preeclampsia.
Diet for Managing Gestational Diabetes
To help manage gestational diabetes, it’s important to:
- Eat small, frequent meals
- Include complex carbohydrates (whole grains, beans, legumes)
- Choose lean proteins (fish, skinless chicken, tofu)
- Focus on non-starchy vegetables (spinach, mushrooms, zucchini)
- Include healthy fats (avocado, olive oil, nuts)
- Avoid simple carbohydrates, sugary, processed, and fried foods
- Drink plenty of water
Prevention of Gestational Diabetes
- Follow a balanced diet
- Exercise regularly
- Monitor blood sugar levels
- Take necessary supplements
- Limit caffeine intake
- Avoid smoking
A balanced diet rich in carbohydrates, lean protein, healthy fats, and high-fiber foods, alongside regular exercise, can help manage gestational diabetes and ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that requires careful management during pregnancy to prevent complications. Early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, and regular blood sugar monitoring are essential. Women who have had gestational diabetes should stay mindful of their long-term health, as they are at higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later.
